Filing bankruptcy during or after a divorce or separation can have significant financial implications. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the complex intersection of bankruptcy and family law, and how your decisions in one arena may impact the other.
Bankruptcy and its Implications
Bankruptcy is a legal process that provides relief to individuals who are unable to pay their debts. It involves the liquidation of assets to repay creditors and can significantly impact credit scores. While it can offer a fresh start in some cases, it can also have profound consequences, particularly in the context of a divorce or separation.
Impact of Bankruptcy on Joint Debts
Understanding Joint Debts
Joint debts are financial obligations in which more than one person is responsible. Common examples include joint credit cards and loans. In the context of a divorce or separation, both parties remain responsible for these joint debts, regardless of who incurred them.
Bankruptcy and Joint Debts
If one person declares bankruptcy, the other individual is usually left shouldering the entire debt. This means your ex-spouse could become fully liable for any joint debts if you file for bankruptcy.
Despite this, there are strategies for managing joint debts during a separation:
- Request your lender to remove one party from the joint debt.
- Ask your lender to divide the joint debt into two separate loans.
- If the above options are not feasible, consider filing for bankruptcy or a consumer proposal.
Mitigating the Impact of Bankruptcy on Joint Debts
One effective way to mitigate the impact of bankruptcy on joint debts is to split the debt into two separate loans with the lender’s approval. Take note, though, that this option is entirely at the discretion of the lender.
Bankruptcy and Support Payments
Alimony and Child Support
Alimony (spousal support) and child support are common obligations arising from a divorce or separation. Bankruptcy does not eliminate these commitments. Therefore, if you’re behind in these payments, filing for bankruptcy won’t absolve you of these responsibilities.
The Role of Surplus Income
The amount paid in alimony or child support is subtracted before determining surplus income. This calculation can potentially reduce your net income, lessening any surplus income payment required during bankruptcy.
Bankruptcy and Assets
Asset Distribution and Equalization Payments
The distribution of assets in a divorce can become complex when bankruptcy is involved. For instance, equalization payments, where one spouse pays the other to equalize asset distribution, are eliminated by filing bankruptcy.
Timing of Bankruptcy and Divorce
The timing of bankruptcy and divorce can significantly impact asset distribution. If bankruptcy is filed before the divorce, assets are transferred to the bankruptcy estate, becoming inaccessible for distribution in the divorce. Conversely, if the divorce is finalized before bankruptcy, assets transferred to the ex-spouse are no longer available to creditors in the bankruptcy, provided the transfer wasn’t fraudulent.
The Interplay of Divorce and Bankruptcy
Divorce can often lead to financial distress, given the division of assets and the costly legal process involved. In many cases, filing for bankruptcy becomes necessary due to the increased financial burden. However, the process of filing for bankruptcy during or after a divorce can be complicated, making it crucial to consult with a bankruptcy trustee and a family law lawyer.
The Canadian Context
In Canada, bankruptcy does not discharge outstanding alimony or child support payments. Furthermore, any unpaid debts due to equalization payments under the terms of a divorce or separation agreement are treated like any other unsecured debt and are eliminated by filing bankruptcy.
How to Handle Debt Problems in a Divorce Situation
A divorced or separated couple can file for a joint bankruptcy or a joint consumer proposal to eliminate combined debts. However, it’s important to consider the financial obligations of each party before deciding the best course of action.
The Bottom Line
Understanding the impact of bankruptcy on a divorce or separation can help you make informed decisions about your financial future. It’s vital to seek professional advice to navigate this complex area of law effectively.
This guide is a comprehensive resource to understand the intersections of family law and bankruptcy, but it should not replace professional advice. Always consult with a financial advisor or bankruptcy trustee to understand the best options for your unique situation.
